GPRS / UMTS Rel.5 - Signaling & Protocol Analysis (The Core Network)

[3-day course, Euro 3,450.- (net) per participant]

A Comprehensive Inside View on GPRS

• Overall Network Architecture with Release 5
  • Overview
• The GPRS Access and Core Network Architecture
  • The All-IP Backbone Configuration with Release 5
  • GPRS-Mobility Management
  • GPRS-Session Management
  • Ciphering
  • Charging (own network resources)
  • Data Compression (<-> V.42bis)
  • TCP/IP Header Compression (<-> RFC 1144)
  • TCP/IP und UDP Header Compression (<-> RFC 2507)
    
• Tasks and Functions of the GGSN
  • Interface between the PLMN and external Packet Data Networks
  • Anchor Function for Packet Data Transfer
  • Charging (foreign network resources)
    
• There are Different Types of GGSN’s
  • GGSN Type A (Transparent Access)
  • GGSN Type B (Non-Transparent Access)
  • GGSN Type C (Corporate GGSN)
• Tasks and Functions of the BG
  • Interface for Packet Data Transmission between PLMN’s
• The Network Operation Mode with GPRS
  • Network Operation Mode I (NOM I)
  • Network Operation Mode II (NOM II)
  • Network Operation Mode III (NOM III)
• The Network Operation Mode with UMTS
• The Network Operation Mode with UMTS
  • Network Operation Mode I (NOM I)
  • Network Operation Mode II (NOM II)
• The GPRS Protocol Stack between MS and Application
  • The Protocol Stack only presents the packet-switched view
  • GPRS is only a Bearer
• Protocols within the GPRS Access Network
  • BSSGP and Network Service
  • LLC and SNDCP
  • Functions of RLC/MAC
• The UMTS Protocol Stack between MS and Application
  • Packet-Switched Control Plane
    - Access Stratum Protocols
    - Non Access Stratum Protocols
  • Packet-Switched User Plane
• Iu mode
  • GERAN – Core Network Interfaces with Release 5
  • IMS introduction in the Core Network
• GERAN in Iu mode connected to PS Domain
  • User Plane
  • Control Plane
  • New Identifier in Iu mode
  • S-RNTI
  • G-RNTI
• Intra GERAN, inter GERAN – UTRAN interface
  • General principles of the Iur-g interface
  • GERAN Registration Area
• Flexible Iu Connection
  • Load Distribution
  • Reduced Signaling
  • Capacity Upgrade
  • Node Redundancy
  • Flexible Iu Interface with Release 5
  • Packet Switched Pool Areas
  • Circuit Switched Pool Areas
    - NRI transmission in A/Gb mode
    - NRI transmission in Iu mode
  • Affected Network Nodes
    - Network Configuration Example

GPRS Mobility Management (GMM) and GERAN / UTRAN Interworking

• Introduction to GPRS Mobility Management
  • Intra-PLMN and Inter-PLMN Roaming
  • GMM States in the SGSN and the Mobile Station (GPRS)
    - The IDLE-State
    - The READY-State
    - The STANDBY-State
  • PMM States in the SGSN and the Mobile Station (UMTS)
    - PMM-Detached-State
    - PMM-Connected-State
    - PMM-Idle-State
  • The Routing Area and the Null Routing Area
    - The Routing Area Identification (RAI)
    - The Routing Area Identification (RAI)
• Other Important GMM-Identifiers
  • The P-TMSI and the P-TMSI Signature
  • The Ready Timer (T3314) (GPRS only)
  • The Ready Timer (T3314) (GPRS only)
    - Operation of the Ready Timer (T3314)
    - Operation of the Ready Timer (T3314)
    - Implications of the Ready Timer:
    - Reduction of the Paging Time
  • Periodic Routing Area Updating Timer (T3312) & Mobile Reachable Timer
    - Expiry of T3312 in MS
    - Allocation of T3312 and Mobile Reachable Timer
    - Operation of T3312 and Mobile Reachable Timer
    - Expiry of Mobile Reachable Timer
• The GMM-Messages
  • Message Format for GMM
  • The GMM Message Types
    - ATT_REQ
    - ATT_ACC
    - ATT_COM
    - ATT_REJ
    - DET_REQ
    - DET_ACC
    - RA_UPD_REQ
    - RA_UPD_ACC
    - RA_UPD_COM
    - RA_UPD_REJ
    - P-TMSI_REAL_CMD
    - P-TMSI_REAL_COM
    - AUTH_CIPH_REQ
    - AUTH_CIPH_RSP
    - AUTH_CIPH_REJ
    - IDENT_REQ
    - IDENT_RSP
    - GMM_STATUS
    - GMM_INFO
• GMM-Procedures
  • GPRS Attach ( new SGSN / NOM II / III, MS Class A, B or C)
    - Initial Conditions
    - Applicability of this Procedure
    - Description
  • Combined Attach (no new SGSN, MS Class A or B)
    - Initial Conditions
    - Applicability of this Procedure
    - Description
  • Combined RA / LA Update (Intra SGSN / MS-Class A or B)
    - Initial Conditions
    - Applicability of this Procedure
    - Description
  • Inter SGSN Routing Area Update (GPRS in A/Gb-mode)
    - Initial Conditions
    - Applicability of this Procedure
    - Description
  • Inter SGSN Routing Area Update (UMTS / MS-initiated)
    - Initial Conditions
    - Applicability of this Procedure
    - Description
  • The GPRS Detach Procedure (Mobile Originating)
    - Initial Conditions
    - Applicability of this Procedure
    - Description
  • The GPRS Detach Procedure (SGSN Originating)
    - Initial Conditions
    - Applicability of this Procedure
    - Description
  • The GPRS Detach Procedure (HSS Originating)
    - Initial Conditions
    - Applicability of this Procedure
    - Description
• Interworking between UTRAN and GERAN
  • Overview
  • State Transitions GMM <-> PMM
    - Case 2: From GERAN to UTRA
    
• Related Scenarios (Selection)
  • MS Initiated Inter-SGSN RA Update UMTS -> GPRS
    - Initial Conditions
    - Applicability of this Procedure
    - Description
  • SRNS-Relocation with RA-Update GPRS to UMTS (Iu-mode)
    - Initial Conditions
    - Applicability of this Procedure
    - Description

The IP Backbone

The GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP / GTP’)

• The Protocol Stack in the Core Network
  • Interconnecting the GGSN to External Packet Data Networks
• Applicability of GTP-C, GTP-U and GTP’
  • GTP-C
  • GTP-U
  • GTP’
• Definition of T-PDU, G-PDU and N-PDU
  • N-PDU
  • G-PDU
  • T-PDU
• Definition of GTP Paths and Tunnels
  • GTP-Path
  • GTP-Tunnel
  • Allocation of the TEID during PDP-Context Establishment
  • GTP-Tunnel Establishment Procedure between two SGSNs
• Functions of GTP
  • Path Management
  • Tunnel Management
  • Location Management
  • Mobility Management
  • GTP Procedures / Timer and Counter
    - T3-Response Timer / N3-Request Counter
    - T3-Tunnel Timer
    - N3-Buffer Size
• GTP-Messages
  • GTP-C PDU Format
    - Version
    - PT (Protocol Type)
    - E-flag (Extension header-flag)
    - S-flag (Sequence number flag)
    - PN-flag (N-PDU number flag)
    - Message Type
    - Length
    - TEID (Tunnel Endpoint Identifier)
    - Sequence Number
    - N-PDU No
  • Example of a GTP-C PDU
  • GTP-U PDU Format
  • GTP-U PDU Format
    - Version
    - PT (Protocol Type)
    - E-flag (Extension header-flag)
    - S-flag (Sequence number flag)
    - PN-flag (N-PDU number flag)
    - Message Type
    - Length
    - TEID (Tunnel Endpoint Identifier)
    - Sequence Number
    - N-PDU No
  • Example of a GTP-U PDU
  • Information Element Encoding in GTP-C, GTP-U and GTP’
    - Type-Value (TV) Encoding and Type-Length-Value (TLV) Encoding
  • The GTP’-Message Format
    - Version
    - PT (Protocol Type)
    - Message Type
    - Length
    - Sequence Number
  • The GTP/GTP’-Message Types
    - ECHO_REQ
    - ECHO_RSP
    - VERS_NOT_SUPP
    - NODE_ALIVE_REQ
    - NODE_ALIVE_RSP
    - REDIR_REQ
    - REDIR_RSP
    - CT_PDP_CT_REQ
    - CT_PDP_CT_RSP
    - UPD_PDP_CT_REQ
    - UPD_PDP_CT_RSP
    - DEL_PDP_CT_REQ
    - DEL_PDP_CT_RSP
    - ERR_IND
    - PDU_NOT_REQ
    - PDU_NOT_RSP
    - PDU_NOT_REJ_REQ
    - PDU_NOT_REJ_RSP
    - SEND_ROUT_INFO_GPRS_REQ
    - SEND_ROUT_INFO_GPRS_RSP
    - FAIL_REP_REQ
    - FAIL_REP_RSP
    - NOT_MS_GPRS_PRES_REQ
    - NOT_MS_GPRS_PRES_RSP
    - IDENT_REQ
    - IDENT_RSP
    - SGSN_CT_REQ
    - SGSN_CT_RSP
    - SGSN_CT_ACK
    - FW_RELOC_REQ
    - FW_RELOC_RSP
    - FW_RELOC_COM
    - RELOC_CANCEL_REQ
    - RELOC_CANCEL_RSP
    - FW_SRNS_CT
    - FW_RELOC_COM_ACK
    - FW_SRNS_CT_ACK
    - RAN_INFO_RELAY
    - DATA_REC_TRANS_REQ
    - DATA_REC_TRANS_RSP
  • Example of an ECHO RSP-Message
• Types of Charging Data Records (CDR)
  • S-CDR
  • M-CDR
  • G-CDR
    - S-SMO-CDR / S-SMT-CDR
  • LCS-MO-CDR
  • LCS-MT-CDR
  • LCS-NI-CDR
• Exchange of CDR’s
  • Initial Conditions
  • Applicability of this Procedure
  • Description

Session Management (SM) in GPRS

• Parameters of Session Management
  • The QoS-Parameters in Release ’99 and beyond
  • Applicability of the QoS-Profile
  • Applicability of the QoS-Profile
  • The Traffic Classes
    - Conversational Class:
    - Streaming Class:
    - Interactive class:
    - Background class:
    - Relationship between QoS-Profile and Application
    - The File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
    - Voice over IP (VoIP)
    - The Packet Flow Context (PFC) and the Packet Flow Identifier (PFI)
  • The Different PDP-Types
  • The Access Point Name (APN)
    - The Network Identifier
    - The Operator Identifier
    - Example: Network Selection with APN = “*” and PDP-Type = IP
    - Example: Network Selection with APN = “WAP” and PDP-Type = IP
    - Example: Network Selection without provision of APN or PDP-Type
    - Example: Network Selection with APN = “UUDIAL.NET” (or without provision of APN) and
      PDP-Type = PPP
  • Protocol Configuration Options
  • PDP-Context Parameter Storage
  • Message Format for SM
  • Message Format for SM
  • The SM-Message Types
    - ACT_PDP_CT_REQ
    - ACT_PDP_CT_ACC
    - ACT_PDP_CT_REJ
    - REQ_PDP_CT_ACT
    - REQ_PDP_CT_ACT_REJ
    - DEACT_PDP_CT_REQ
    - DEACT_PDP_CT_ACC
    - MOD_PDP_CT_REQ (SGSN => MS)
    - MOD_PDP_CT_ACC (MS => SGSN)
    - MOD_PDP_CT_REQ (MS => SGSN)
    - MOD_PDP_CT_ACC (SGSN => MS)
    - MOD_PDP_CT_REJ
    - ACT_SEC_PDP_CT_REQ
    - ACT_SEC_PDP_CT_ACC
    - ACT_SEC_PDP_CT_REJ
    - SM_STATUS
• Transparent Access to the Internet / Intranet
  • Network Configuration after Transparent Access
• Non-Transparent Access to the Internet / Intranet
  • Network Configuration after Non-Transparent Access
• Session Management Procedures
  • The Operation of Session Management Procedures
  • The Mobile Originating PDP-Context Activation Procedure
    - Initial Conditions
    - Applicability of this Procedure
    - Description
  • The Mobile Terminating PDP-Context Activation Procedure
    - Initial Conditions
    - Applicability of this Procedure
    - Description
  • PDP-Context Deactivation – Mobile Originating
    - Initial Conditions
    - Applicability of this Procedure
    - Description
  • PDP-Context Deactivation – SGSN Originating
    - Initial Conditions
    - Applicability of this Procedure
    - Description
  • PDP-Context Deactivation – GGSN Originating
    - Initial Conditions
    - Applicability of this Procedure
    - Description

Virtual Private Networking with GPRS (VPN & IPsec)

• Security Concerns for Internet Traffic
  • Privacy
  • Alteration
  • Spoofing
• Security Analysis of Typical Network Configurations
  • Subnet <- SECURE BACKBONE -> Central Corporate
  • Subnet <- LEASED LINE -> Central Corporate
  • “Road Warrior” <- DIAL UP / INTERNET -> Central Corporate
  • Other Corporate Networks <- INTERNET -> Central Corporate
• Alternatives for Network Security
  • Encryption and Authentication on Layer 1 / 2
  • Encryption and Authentication on the Network Layer
  • Encryption and Authentication on higher layers
• VPN Operation Modes
  • IPsec in Transport Mode
    - Transport Mode and AH
    - Transport Mode and ESP
  • IPsec in Tunnel Mode
    - Tunnel Mode and AH
    - Tunnel Mode and ESP
  • VPN with IPsec in Tunnel Mode and Transport Mode
    - VPN with IPsec in Tunnel Mode
    - VPN with IPsec in Transport Mode
• The IPsec Authentication Header (AH)
  • Next Header (8 bit)
  • Payload Length (8 bit)
  • Reserved (16 bit)
  • Security Parameters Index (SPI) (32 bit)
  • Sequence Number (32 bit)
  • Authentication Data (n bit)
• The IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)
  • Security Parameters Index (SPI) (32 bit)
  • Sequence Number (32 bit)
  • Payload Data (n bit)
  • Padding (0 – 255 octets)
  • Padding Length (8 bit)
  • Next Header (8 bit)
  • ESP Authentication Data (n bit)
• The Security Association (SA)
• Algorithms for IPsec
  • How does a Hash Algorithm Work?
    How does Encryption Work with IPsec?
• Establishment of an IPsec-Relationship
  • ISAKMP (Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol)
    - Authentication through Signatures
    - Authentication through Pre-Shared Key
    - Authentication through Public Key Encryption

v5.2

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